Extended Data Fig. 9: Regional distribution of cortical interneuron subtypes in adult human brain.
a, The cortical regions of a 25-year-old human temporal cortex (TC). Superior temporal gyrus (STG) is a part of the TC. Left: PV (green)/VIP (red) immunostained neocortical section from the STG. Right: SST (green)/CALB2 (red) immunostained neocortical section from the STG. The white dotted line delineates the border of cell-dense regions of the cortical layer 2. Scale bars, 100 µm. b, High magnification images of the 25-year-old human STG immunostained with anti-PV, SST, VIP and CALB2 antibodies. Some interneurons in the adult human STG co-express SST and CALB2 markers. Scale bars, 50 µm. This experiment has been repeated three times. c, High magnification images of the 15-year-old human cingulate cortex (CC) labeled with the same antibodies. Scale bars, 50 µm. d, High magnification images of the 25-year-old human occipital cortex (OC) labeled with the same antibodies. Scale bars, 50 µm. e, Co-detection of protein and mRNA of VIP molecules in the human brain. Scale bars, 25 µm. This experiment has been repeated three times. f, The density of each population is measured across cortical layers. Subpopulation expressing VIP is abundant in the Arc-associated cortical regions, including CC and TC, but not OC. The data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. of counts performed on n = 1 case in five independent experiments. g, The distribution of the density of each population across cortical layers. Whiskers extend to the minimum and maximum values of the data. Two-tailed unpaired t test (****p < 0.0001). The data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. of counts performed on n = 1 case in five independent experiments. Sample size and P values are provided as source data.
