Extended Data Fig. 2: Cytoarchitectural changes in the human Arc during perinatal stages.
a, Confocal images of Arc structural changes during the perinatal stages of humans. The higher magnification of the yellow boxed area is to the left of 22 GW. Scale bars, 1 mm (22 GW; left), 500 µm (22 GW; right, 30 GW and 39 GW). This experiment has been repeated four times. Lateral ventricle (LV); ganglionic eminence (GE); caudate nucleus (Cd). b, Top: confocal image of DCX+ expression (green) in a coronal section of human Arc from 30 GW to postnatal stages. The yellow and white dashed lines highlight the boundary between tiers 1–2 and tiers 3–4, respectively; arrows indicate blood vessels. Scale bars, 500 µm. Bottom: quantification of DCX expression pixel intensity across tiers. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. The serial slides from three individuals were taken for quantification. Sample size is provided as source data. c, Confocal images of tier 1 structural and cellular composition change from 39 GW to 2 years after birth. DCX+ neuroblasts (green) are densely populated with GFAP+ fibers (red) in tier 1 at 39 GW. Scale bars, 30 µm. This experiment has been repeated three times. d, Confocal images of DCX+ expression (green) near a-SMA+ blood vessels (red) in tier 3 of the human Arc across postnatal stages. Scale bars, 30 µm. e–g, Quantification of the BV size located in tier 3 (e), the total number of DCX+ cells in contact with the BV (f) and the density of DCX+ cells contacting with BV (w BV) and without BV (w/o BV) across ages (g). Two-tailed unpaired t-test, ***p = 0.0006 (f) and ****p < 0.0001 (g). Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. of counts performed on different individual cases (n = 4, term; n = 1, 7 months) in three independent experiments. Sample size is provided as source data.
