Extended Data Fig. 2: Electrical activity and reaction times in the human fovea centralis.
From: Synchronization of visual perception within the human fovea
a, Human whole-mount retina immunolabeled for axon bundles with beta-III tubulin (cyan). The image shows the area marked in Extended Data Fig. 1a. Black rectangle: outline of HD-MEA active array. White dashed circles: foveola (small) and fovea (large). b, Spontaneous electrical activity of an example ex vivo human foveal explant recorded with an HD-MEA (different preparation than in a). Color codes for the number of spikes recorded at each electrode within a 30 s recording window. The pixel position encodes the electrode position. White arrowhead: center of the fovea; black circle: outline of the foveola. c, Positions of RGC somas relative to the fovea centralis, with cells in specific regions indicated in color: foveola (orange, N = 37), fovea (yellow, N = 1135), parafovea (purple, N = 108) and perifovea (green, N = 5). The umbo, at the center, lacks RGCs. Concentric rings indicate subregion boundaries. d, Schematic of light stimulation with an AOSLO. e, Left: illustration (to scale) of the light stimulus. Red square: raster of the AOSLO. The white arrowhead indicates the stimulus. Green square: stimulus. Right: retinal image of one participant. f, Left: individual stimulus locations (colored points) depicted on top of one participant’s retinal image. White dot: location of the cone density centroid. The point color encodes the reaction time at each location. Right: enlarged depiction of the region marked by a yellow square on the left. The white arrowhead points to a sketch of a 1.8 × 1.8 µm large stimulus (green square). g, Statistical analysis for the reaction-time data of each of the seven participants (gray) and the combined data (bottom, red). Error bars: mean ± 90% confidence intervals. Blue region: confidence interval of the combined data. Vertical dotted line: 0 ms effect size is contained in all but two confidence intervals.
