Extended Data Fig. 9: Spine Ca2+ activity during the dendritic spiking window.

(a) Schematic of dendritic Ca2+ activity and co-active spine Ca2+ activity. (b–d) The percentage of spine active during dendritic activity window was higher in prazosin-treated (b, control 45 spines, prazosin 112 spines), IP3R2KO (c, control 54 spines, IP3R2KO 86 spines) and asGq-CNO mice (d, control 35 spines, asGq-CNO 80 spines). Two sided Mann-Whitney test. P = 0.053, 0.0012, 0.087 for prazosin, IP3R2KO and asGq-CNO compared to their controls. (e) Fluorescence traces of dendritic Ca2+ activity (black traces) and spine Ca2+ activity (grey traces) during motor training before (ACSF control) and after local application of CPA (adenosine A1 agonist) and DPCPX (adenosine A1 antagonist). (f, g) The percentage of spine active during dendritic activity window in CPA (f, control 69 spines, CPA 51 spines), DPCPX (g, control 99 spines, DPCPX 153 spine). Two sided Mann-Whitney test. P = 0.396, 0.0017 for CPA and DPCPX compared to their controls. All data are mean ± s.e.m. **P < 0.01.