Extended Data Fig. 1: Swimming motility modes and flagellar switching in E. coli and B. burgdorferi.
From: Molecular mechanism for rotational switching of the bacterial flagellar motor
a, b, Cartoon of the swimming motility modes in E. coli: run and tumble. c, The motor rotates CCW as a default state. d, When the level of CheY-P becomes high enough, CheY-P binds to the C-ring, and the motor switches to CW rotation. The chemotaxis protein CheZ dephosphorylates CheY-P to return the motor to CCW rotation. e, f, Swimming motility modes in B. burgdorferi: run and flex. Periplasmic flagella (PF) are located between the inner membrane (IM) and outer membrane (OM). The flagellar motors are attached near each cell pole. Spirochetes run when the anterior flagella rotate CCW and the posterior flagella rotate CW (e). When the flagella at both poles rotate in the same direction (CW), the spirochetes flex in place and fail to move translationally. The swimming motility of B. burgdorferi is also controlled by a chemotaxis system. The homologs of CheY and CheZ in B. burgdorferi are CheY3 and CheX.
