Extended Data Fig. 7: Hi-C time course of cells under G1 arrest.

The experimental time course of G1 arrest for a strain with (a) a single parS site at the −59^o (top) and −91^o (bottom), and (b) with two parS sites at −59^o −91^o (top) and −91^o −117^o (bottom). The experiments show that almost no change occurs to the angle of the hairpin traces when only a single parS site is present. However, when two parS sites are present, the hairpins increasingly tilt away from each other. c, A 3D polymer simulation with the blocking, bypassing and unloading model of loop extrusion showing that when a single parS site is present, increasing the numbers of loop extruders, N, on the chromosome also does not change the observed hairpin angle for the same strains as in (a). Loop extrusion parameters use a bypassing rate of 0.05 s⁻¹ and a facilitated dissociation rate of 0.003 s⁻¹ (that is same as Fig. 4a); the number of extrusion complexes is denoted by N.