Online-only Table 2 Site information, participant demographics, and reliabilities of questionnaires in the cross-national study. N = number of participants
Trait Self Control | Perceived Stress Scale | Nomophobia (with phone) | Nomophobia (onlineid) | ECR-R | ECR-R-Anxiety | ECR-R-Avoidance | Southampton Nostalgia Scale | TAS-DIDF | TAS-EOT | Home Attachment Scale | STRAQ-1 (High Temperature Sensitivity) | STRAQ-1 (Social Thermoregulation) | STRAQ-1 (Solitary Thermoregulation) | STRAQ-1 (Risk Avoidance) | Kama Muta Frequency Scale | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country | Site | Language | N | Female (%) | Birth year | α | ω t | α | ω t | α | ω t | α | ω t | α | ω t | α | ω t | α | ω t | α | ω t | α | ω t | α | ω t | α | ω t | α | ω t | α | ω t | α | ω t | α | ω t | α | ω t |
Germany | University of Bamberg | German | 42 | 69.0% | 1982.1 (14.7) | 0.81 | 0.87 | 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.92 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.90 | 0.96 | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.48 | 0.69 | 0.86 | 0.91 | 0.85 | 0.90 | 0.73 | 0.85 | 0.70 | 0.81 | 0.62 | 0.64 | 0.85 | 0.93 |
Chile | University of Chile | Spanish | 35 | 62.9% | 1979.3 (13.2) | 0.79 | 0.85 | 0.80 | 0.84 | 0.81 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.96 | 0.86 | 0.89 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.43 | 0.69 | 0.74 | 0.85 | 0.87 | 0.92 | 0.76 | 0.88 | 0.31 | 0.62 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.85 | 0.93 |
Germany | University of Kassel | German | 106 | 69.8% | 1990.3(7.8) | 0.84 | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.90 | 0.87 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.97 | 0.86 | 0.90 | 0.43 | 0.57 | 0.90 | 0.93 | 0.74 | 0.81 | 0.73 | 0.81 | 0.68 | 0.77 | 0.46 | 0.55 | 0.84 | 0.91 |
Turkey | Middle East Technical University | Turkish | 181 | 65.7% | 1992.4 (5) | 0.83 | 0.86 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.86 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.90 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.97 | 0.89 | 0.92 | 0.51 | 0.60 | 0.92 | 0.95 | 0.78 | 0.89 | 0.73 | 0.80 | 0.77 | 0.85 | 0.52 | 0.54 | 0.86 | 0.93 |
Norway | University of Oslo | Norwegian | 85 | 69.4% | 1992.3 (6.4) | 0.81 | 0.85 | 0.87 | 0.91 | 0.84 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.91 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.90 | 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.86 | 0.90 | 0.70 | 0.76 | 0.87 | 0.91 | 0.79 | 0.85 | 0.66 | 0.79 | 0.70 | 0.79 | 0.60 | 0.69 | 0.87 | 0.91 |
UK | University of Oxford | English | 137 | 56.2% | 1985.4 (13.5) | 0.83 | 0.86 | 0.83 | 0.87 | 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.90 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.97 | 0.86 | 0.89 | 0.57 | 0.73 | 0.89 | 0.94 | 0.81 | 0.88 | 0.78 | 0.84 | 0.73 | 0.82 | 0.50 | 0.51 | 0.88 | 0.93 |
Poland | SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities | Polish | 136 | 86.8% | 1986.2 (8.9) | 0.86 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.94 | 0.90 | 0.97 | 0.88 | 0.97 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.98 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.38 | 0.48 | 0.92 | 0.95 | 0.82 | 0.87 | 0.69 | 0.76 | 0.64 | 0.74 | 0.56 | 0.60 | 0.88 | 0.93 |
Portugal | University of Lusófona | Portuguese | 21 | 33.3% | 1984.1 (11.9) | 0.71 | 0.85 | 0.76 | 0.85 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.88 | 0.93 | 0.87 | 0.97 | 0.86 | 0.97 | 0.74 | 0.95 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.80 | 0.91 | 0.21 | 0.48 | 0.89 | 0.94 | 0.71 | 0.84 | 0.54 | 0.85 | 0.59 | 0.74 | 0.55 | 0.73 | 0.90 | 0.94 |
Serbia | University of Belgrade | Serbian | 164 | 80.5% | 1993.7 (4.9) | 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.94 | 0.90 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.97 | 0.90 | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.96 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 0.89 | 0.92 | 0.57 | 0.69 | 0.90 | 0.93 | 0.76 | 0.85 | 0.80 | 0.84 | 0.73 | 0.80 | 0.58 | 0.59 | 0.88 | 0.93 |
Singapore | Singapore Management University | English | 137 | 56.2% | 1993.8 (1.5) | 0.83 | 0.86 | 0.82 | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.96 | 0.89 | 0.92 | 0.51 | 0.75 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.76 | 0.85 | 0.82 | 0.88 | 0.53 | 0.70 | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.88 | 0.93 |
UK | University of Southampton | English | 6 | 50.0% | 1992.2 (1.6) | 0.83 | 0.99 | / | / | 0.48 | 0.90 | 0.77 | 0.94 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.95 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 0.80 | 0.92 | 0.59 | 0.75 | 0.70 | 0.97 | 0.93 | 0.99 | 0.92 | 0.95 | 0.89 | 0.98 | 0.56 | 0.90 | 0.74 | 0.93 |
China | Tsinghua University | Mandarin | 174 | 62.6% | 1993.7 (6.4) | 0.72 | 0.76 | 0.80 | 0.87 | 0.82 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.91 | 0.88 | 0.90 | 0.87 | 0.90 | 0.76 | 0.85 | 0.82 | 0.85 | 0.38 | 0.50 | 0.91 | 0.62 | 0.50 | 0.68 | 0.72 | 0.81 | 0.42 | 0.63 | 0.28 | 0.44 | 0.82 | 0.94 |
US | University of California, Santa Barbara | English | 108 | 68.5% | 1995.8 (1.7) | 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.82 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.97 | 0.90 | 0.92 | 0.54 | 0.68 | 0.90 | 0.94 | 0.80 | 0.88 | 0.86 | 0.90 | 0.66 | 0.78 | 0.50 | 0.54 | 0.86 | 0.93 |
US | Virginia Commonwealth University | English | 151 | 78.8% | 1992.6 (4.7) | 0.84 | 0.87 | 0.84 | 0.88 | 0.86 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.93 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.90 | 0.94 | 0.83 | 0.88 | 0.78 | 0.82 | 0.63 | 0.75 | 0.63 | 0.64 | 0.89 | 0.94 |
Switzerland | University of Zürich | German | 40 | 72.5% | 1987.6 (8.7) | 0.79 | 0.87 | 0.82 | 0.90 | 0.86 | 0.91 | 0.87 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.91 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.88 | 0.91 | 0.60 | 0.57 | 0.90 | 0.94 | 0.89 | 0.93 | 0.72 | 0.80 | 0.75 | 0.86 | 0.70 | 0.78 | 0.85 | 0.94 |
Total (multi-site) | 1523 | 68.8% | 1990.9 (8.4) | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.96 | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.92 | 0.96 | 0.88 | 0.92 | 0.51 | 0.62 | 0.90 | 0.94 | 0.77 | 0.83 | 0.77 | 0.83 | 0.68 | 0.77 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.87 | 0.91 | ||