Online-only Table 1 General characteristics of the Maqu site and included variables in the different data.
From: Multiyear in-situ L-band microwave radiometry of land surface processes on the Tibetan Plateau
Name | Instruments | Variables | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
Geographic location | N33.90°, E102.15°, 3432 m a.m.s.l | latitude, longitude, altitude (meter above mean sea level) | |
Land cover | Grassland | ||
Climate | Cold climate with dry winter and warm summer (Dwb) | According to updated Köppen-Geiger climate classification19 | |
L-band brightness temperature | ELBARA III microwave radiometer (1.4 GHz, Gamma Remote Sensing AG) | Brightness temperature in horizontal and vertical polarization (K) | Incidence angle: 40° to 70o in steps of 5o |
Profile soil moisture and soil temperature | (SMST_Z) 5TM ECH2O probes (METER Group, Inc. USA) | Soil moisture (m3/m3) Soil temperature (oC) | 15-min time intervals, installed at depths: 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 cm20 |
(SMST_LC) 5TM ECH2O probes (Decagon Devices, Inc., USA) | Soil moisture (m3/m3) Soil temperature (oC) | Installation depths: 2 sensors at 2.5 cm, then one sensor at every 2.5 cm in the top 20 cm, every 5 cm between 20–50 cm and every 10 cm between 50–100 cm (19 layers and 20 sensors in total)23 | |
Turbulent heat fluxes | Integrated Eddy Covariance system (EC150 analyzer, CSAT3A anemometer, HMP155A relative humidity and temperature, and 109-L air temperature) (Campbell scientific, USA) | 3-D wind, CO2/H2O fluxes, air temperature and relative humidity | 2.5 m height |
Radiation | NR01-L pyranometer and pyrgeometer (Hukseflux, NL) | 4 component down and upwelling solar and thermal radiation | 1.3 m height |
Meteorological data | HMP155A air temperature and relative humidity, 109-L air temperature (Campbell scientific, USA) | air temperature, relative humidity | 2 m height |
NR01-L pyranometer and pyrgeometer, (Hukseflux) | Four component radiation | 1.6 m height | |
Windsonic-2D wind speed (Gill) | Wind speed/direction | 2 m height | |
Precipitation (Geonor T-200B Series) | Liquid precipitation | 1.5 m height | |
Soil and vegetation data | In-situ sampling | Soil texture, hydraulic and thermal properties, fresh and dry above-ground biomass, vegetation height, and leaf area index |
