Fig. 1
Severity of infectious disease by age for polio, typhoid, tuberculosis, smallpox, chickenpox, measles, infectious mononucleosis and HIV. The 95% confidence intervals on the estimates are shown where they are known or could be calculated. (a) Polio in England and Wales 1947–50, notified deaths/notified cases (23,143 cases)12; (b) Typhoid in small towns in New York State, US, 1915–24, notified deaths/notified cases13; (c) Pulmonary TB in Denmark, 1925–34, percent of notified cases dying by 31st December 193421; (d) Measles in England and Wales, 1970–88, notified deaths/notified cases29; (e) Smallpox in London Smallpox Hospital, UK, 1836–51, case fatality rate among unvaccinated patients35; (f) Chickenpox in France 1997–9, estimated hospitalisation rates based on national databases and surveillance40; (g) Infectious mononucleosis in Rochester, Minnesota, US, 1950–69, percent hospitalised43; (h) HIV in Europe, North America and Australia, 1983–1996, percent dying within 10 years, mother-to-child infections excluded (12,910 cases, survival estimated from graph)44.
