Table 1 The formulation of the seven spectral indices used in the study.

NDVI

\({\rm{NDVI}}=\frac{{\rho }_{NIR}-{\rho }_{red}}{{\rho }_{NIR}+{\rho }_{red}}\)

²⁸

EVI

\({\rm{EVI}}=2.5\times \frac{{\rho }_{NIR}-{\rho }_{red}}{{\rho }_{NIR}+6\times {\rho }_{red}-7.5\times {\rho }_{blue}+1}\)

²⁹

LSWI

\({\rm{LSWI}}=\frac{{\rho }_{NIR}-{\rho }_{SWIR1}}{{\rho }_{NIR}+{\rho }_{SWIR1}}\)

³⁰

NDSVI

\({\rm{NDSVI}}=\frac{{\rho }_{SWIR1}-{\rho }_{red}}{{\rho }_{SWIR1}+{\rho }_{red}}\)

³¹

NDTI

\({\rm{NDTI}}=\frac{{\rho }_{SWIR1}-{\rho }_{SWIR2}}{{\rho }_{SWIR1}+{\rho }_{SWIR2}}\)

³²

RENDVI

\({\rm{RENDVI}}=\frac{{\rho }_{NIR}-{\rho }_{RE2}}{{\rho }_{NIR}+{\rho }_{RE2}}\)

³

REP

\({\rm{REP}}=\frac{705+35\times (0.5\times \left({\rho }_{RE3}+{\rho }_{red}\right)-{\rho }_{RE1})}{{\rho }_{RE2}-{\rho }_{RE1}}\)

³