Table 4 Individual threats by percent of responses, where mean (%) is the averaged threat percent for each category out of the total threat, with standard deviation, SD; max (%) is the maximum percent contribution of each individual threat to total threat (0–100%); and count is the number of respondents who selected each individual threat as a threat to their fishery.

From: A global dataset of inland fisheries expert knowledge

Threat category

Individual threat

Mean

SD

Max

Count

Habitat loss Degradation

Deforestation and associated sediment runoff

13.02

13.22

100

304

Riparian loss, degradation

10.30

9.75

60

301

Channelization

7.41

8.05

59

152

Dredging

4.99

5.77

28

89

Habitat loss Hydrological alterations

Wetland drainage

8.07

8.56

75

215

Dams

16.01

15.08

83

291

Weirs

8.57

9.00

50

122

Other flood protection

5.15

5.83

40

92

Extraction for agriculture

8.07

9.56

94

220

Extraction for industry

4.20

5.17

31

116

Extraction for urban use

4.59

4.36

21

146

Pollution

Agricultural effluents

8.55

9.26

82

339

Industrial effluents

7.00

7.28

40

186

Urban wastewater

6.44

6.36

34

269

Aquaculture effluents

5.22

5.88

27

88

Plastics

4.47

4.36

28

167

Pharmaceuticals

2.57

3.05

20

72

Oil or gas exploration

7.27

7.67

35

71

Mining

9.49

10.10

62

162

Invasive species

Invasive non-native species

10.73

13.20

91

333

Problematic native species

4.84

6.81

40

73

Introduced genetic material

3.53

4.23

25

58

Exploitation

Overfishing

17.93

16.96

100

287

Destructive fishing practices

12.82

13.36

95

245

Weather and climate

Change in water temperature

7.31

8.25

60

233

Change in wind patterns

3.65

4.78

23

48

Change in flooding (extent, timing)

7.68

7.53

40

270

Drought

9.13

10.65

100

216

Change in ice cover

6.06

6.52

35

62

Other

Other

15.71

16.08

100

63