Table 1 Value, coefficient of variation (CV) or range of distribution of parameters.

Crop residue open burning

\({f}_{s}^{str}\)

Table S1

Table S1

\({f}_{i}^{open}\)

Table S2

Table S2

f^burn

0.9

0%

EF^CROP for CH₄

3.23 g CH₄/kg

17%

EF^CROP for N₂O

0.008 g N₂O/kg

23%

Rice cultivation

\({f}_{i,r}^{length}\), \(E{F}_{i,r}^{RICE}\)

Table S3

Table S3

Cropland change

\(E{F}_{j,l}^{LAND}\)

Table S4

Table S4

Cropland emission

f^enn

0.2

0%

\({f}_{a}^{excr}\), \({f}_{a}^{mana}\), \({f}_{a}^{liq}\), \({f}_{a}^{sol}\)

Table S5

Table S5

\({f}_{s}^{retu}\)

0.14

11%

\({f}_{s}^{dry}\), \({f}_{s}^{rb}\), \({f}_{s}^{harv}\), \({f}_{s}^{rbrate}\)

Table S6

Table S6

\(E{F}_{i}^{CRLA,d}\)

Table S7

Table S7

f^Fvolat

0.1 kg NH3-N and NOX-N/kg N applied

(0.03, 0.3)

f^Ovolat

0.2 kg NH3-N and NOX-N/kg N applied

(0.05, 0.5)

EF^CRLA,atm

0.01 kg N₂O-N/kg NH3-N and NOx-N volatilzed

(0.002, 0.05)

f^leach

0.3 kg N/kg N additions or deposition by grazing animals

(0.1, 0.8)

EF^CRLA,leach

0.0075 kg N₂O-N/kg N leaching or runoff

(0.0005, 0.025)

Machinery use

\({f}_{e}^{LCV}\), \({f}_{e}^{carb}\), \({f}_{e}^{oxid}\)

Table S8

Table S8

\(E{F}_{j,e}^{ENER}\)

Table S9

Table S9

Nitrogen fertilizer production

EF^FERT for CO₂

6.08 kg CO₂/kg N

50%

EF^FERT for CH₄

0.02 kg CH₄/kg N

50%

EF^FERT for N₂O

0.0009 kg N₂O /kg N

50%

Pesticide production

\({f}_{j}^{plPest}\)

Table S10

50%

EF^PEST

16.35 kg CO₂-equivalent/kg application

50%