Fig. 5
From: Crash and disengagement data of autonomous vehicles on public roads in California

Crash type reported using our dataset. The percentage of rear-end crashes reported is 61.8%. A previous study6 reported that around 62% of crashes were rear-ended. Another study11 which analysed data until the year 2018, reported 63% of crashes as rear-ended. A more recently published study14 that used our dataset reported 61.78% (160 out of 259) rear-ended crashes. This figure can be compared with Vehicle #1 (AV) panel of Figure 7 of the previous study6 (refer to the URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184952.g007). These reported figures regarding the rear-end crashes were consistent with our dataset and thus reinforce the validity of our dataset.