Fig. 3

Mean seasonal cycle of CO₂ biogenic fluxes [μmol m⁻² s⁻¹] at the 25 Eddy Covariance sites. FLUXNET2015⁵⁸ observations [ICOS 2018 drought dataset⁵³] are shown in black; the IFS modelled fluxes in cyan and the bias corrected fluxes used in the CHE nature run in blue; the CAMS inversion product^56,57,65 (total flux –anthropogenic emissions) based on surface observations is shown in orange; and the CHE FLUXCOM product^54,55 in green. The shading depicts the standard deviation across the 25 sites.