Fig. 2

Representative 800 MHz proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of dog urine with metabolite assignments and peak area integration for urinary metabolites. This NMR spectrum was derived from a dog (random number 8, sample ID 16K-271). Glycerol and glycine were assigned at 3.555 (doublet of doublet) and 3.552 (singlet) ppm, respectively. Carnitine, methanol, and O-phosphocholine were assigned at 3.215 (singlet), 3.346 (singlet), and 3.201 (singlet) ppm, respectively. Pyruvate and succinate were assigned at 2.364 (singlet) and 2.395 (singlet) ppm, respectively. The filled area colored with red or blue was the peak integration area for each metabolite. 1. 1-Methylnicotinamide; 2. 2-Hydroxybutyrate; 3. 2-Hydroxyisobutyrate; 4. 2-Oxoisocaproate; 5. 2-Phenylpropionate; 6. 3-Hydroxyisovalerate; 7. 3-Indoxylsulfate; 8. 3-Methyl-2-oxovalerate; 9. 4-Hydroxyphenylacetate; 10. Acetate; 11. Acetone; 12. Alanine; 13. Allantoin; 14. Betaine; 15. Carnitine; 16. Choline; 17. Citrate; 18. Creatine; 19. Dimethylamine; 20. Formate; 21. Fumarate; 22. Glucose; 23. Glycerol; 24. Glycine; 25. Guanidoacetate; 26. Hippurate; 27. Histidine; 28. Isoleucine; 29. Isopropanol; 30. Kynurenate; 31. Lactate; 32. Mannose; 33. Methanol; 34. Methylamine; 35. Methylguanidine; 36. N,N-Dimethylglycine; 37. N-Phenylacetylglycine; 38. O-Phosphocholine; 39. Propylene glycol; 40. Pyruvate; 41. Succinate; 42. Taurine; 43. Threonine; 44. Trigonelline; 45. Trimethylamine; 46. Tryptophan; 47. Tyramine; 48. Urea; 49. Valine; 50. Xylose; 51. cis-Aconitate; 52. myo-Inositol; 53. sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine; 54. trans-Aconitate; 55. pi-Methylhistidine; 56. Creatinine.