Table 2 World Meteorological Organization (WMO) recommended climatological variables standard quality control (QC) steps and adapted QC steps in this paper. NA: missing value.

From: Hourly rainfall data from rain gauge networks and weather radar up to 2020 across the Hawaiian Islands

WMO recommended QC steps

Adapted QC steps in this paper

Format test (remove repeated observations, impossible format codes, impossible dates, and blank fields, etc.)

Pre-processing check (date and time format, rainfall unit, missing values set as NA)

Completeness test (flag any absence of expected observation)

Provide completeness of the data for each rainfall gauge

Tolerance test (set upper and/or lower limits)

Threshold value test (>150 mm)

Temporal consistency test (two times the standard deviation)

Standard deviation test (four to eight times depending on the number of NA before and after)

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