Table 1 Atmospheric CO₂ concentrations, solar radiation, and simulated global and annual mean surface temperatures and precipitation for the 55 snapshot simulations in this study.

Simulation	Year (Ma)	CO₂ (×280 ppmv)	Solar radiation (W m⁻²)	Surface temperature (°C)	Precipitation (mm yr⁻¹)
1	540	28	1302.20	26.4	1301
2	530	27	1303.29	26.3	1311
3	520	23	1304.38	26.0	1324
4	510	23	1305.47	25.9	1316
5	500	25	1306.56	26.0	1329
6	490	25	1307.65	26.3	1346
7	480	24	1308.74	26.7	1366
8	470	23	1309.83	26.5	1358
9	460	16	1310.92	24.1	1286
10	450	6	1312.00	19.2	1177
11	440	6	1313.09	18.4	1144
12	430	7	1314.18	21.2	1233
13	420	6	1315.27	21.3	1252
14	410	8	1316.36	21.8	1238
15	400	9	1317.45	23.0	1258
16	390	18	1318.54	25.1	1334
17	380	15	1319.63	25.1	1329
18	370	11	1320.71	22.9	1270
19	360	8	1321.80	20.8	1202
20	350	8	1322.89	19.8	1187
21	340	8	1323.98	20.2	1200
22	330	7	1325.07	19.2	1159
23	320	6	1326.16	17.5	1102
24	310	2.8	1327.25	13.5	1014
25	300	3.5	1328.34	15.8	1070
26	290	2.3	1329.42	12.5	970
27	280	3	1330.51	15.2	1022
28	270	6.5	1331.60	19.2	1090
29	260	10	1332.69	22.0	1152
30	250	25	1333.78	25.8	1195
31	240	28	1334.87	25.5	1162
32	230	24	1335.96	25.1	1162
33	220	20	1337.05	24.7	1179
34	210	20	1338.14	24.2	1152
35	200	17	1339.22	22.9	1101
36	190	10	1340.31	20.3	1110
37	180	10	1341.40	19.8	1087
38	170	7	1342.49	19.1	1138
39	160	6	1343.58	19.4	1127
40	150	7	1344.67	19.8	1127
41	140	10	1345.76	20.6	1135
42	130	9	1346.85	21.3	1176
43	120	9	1347.93	22.3	1212
44	110	9	1349.02	23.0	1235
45	100	9	1350.11	23.8	1259
46	90	8	1351.20	24.2	1276
47	80	7	1352.29	24.3	1284
48	70	8	1353.38	23.4	1208
49	60	6.5	1354.47	22.3	1194
50	50	7	1355.56	22.6	1211
51	40	4.9	1356.64	20.2	1148
52	30	2.6	1357.73	16.1	1044
53	20	2.6	1358.82	15.6	1037
54	10	2.6	1359.91	15.6	1033
55	Pre-industrial	1	1360.89	14.3	1048

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