Table 1 Data sources and descriptions.
From: China economy-wide material flow account database from 1990 to 2020
Data sources | Descriptions | |
|---|---|---|
1 | China National database16 | It covers twenty-eight themes (e.g., agriculture, resources, environment, industry, construction), derived indicators, and the period of 1978–2021 at many regional scales, maintained by the China National Bureau of Statistics. |
2 | China Rural Statistical yearbooks40 | It covers twelve themes (e.g., agricultural products’ harvest, consumption, etc.), derived indicators, and the period of 1985–2021 at many regional scales, maintained by the China National Bureau of Statistics. |
3 | China Forestry Statistical Yearbooks41 | It covers domestic production, consumption, investments, etc., of primary forest products from 1998 to 2019, maintained by the China National Forestry and Grassland Administration. |
4 | China Grassland Statistics19 | It covers the production and consumption of seeds, grass products, etc., and natural disasters for grass industries from 2006 to 2010, maintained by the China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. |
5 | China Land and Resources Statistical Yearbooks20 | It presents the status of exploration, mining, consumption, etc., on natural resources and other related topics from 1999 to 2018, maintained by the Ministry of Land and Resources of China. |
6 | China Animal Industry Yearbooks42 | It covers statistics related to the livestock, including, e.g., year-end, slaughtered, and sold numbers from 1999 to 2017, maintained by the China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. |
7 | China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbooks29 | It covers statistics related to urban management on waste, transportation, energy, etc., from 2002 to 2020 for many regional scales, maintained by the China Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. |
8 | China Ecological and Environmental Bulletins22 and Statistical Yearbooks23 | It covers statistics related to sources, emissions, treatments, etc., of pollutants in the environment in China from 1989 to 2020, maintained by the China Ministry of Ecology and Environment. |
9 | Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR)24 | EDGAR is a global database for anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollution on earth, developed under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) using a consistent IPCC methodology. |
10 | FAOSTAT10 | It covers thirteen domains of, e.g., production, food security and nutrition, and forestry, for over 245 countries and areas related to food and agriculture from 1961 to the most recent year available, maintained by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN). |
11 | The United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database (UN Comtrade)31 | Maintained by the UN, it contains a repository of global trade data, including the year, value, quantity, and weight of imported or exported commodities and covers 209 countries or areas’ annual statistics since 1962 and monthly statistics since 2000. For the commodity classifications of Harmonised System published in 1992 (HS0), a total of 5,039 types of commodities are included. However, data quality issues are identified in UN Comtrade, which would result in significant uncertainties in analyses. Here, we used improved UN Comtrade data with data quality issues addressed by our previous attempts, and the dataset can be accessed online32. |
12 | USGS Minerals Yearbooks21 | Published annually and maintained by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), it contains estimates covering nonfuel mineral industry structure, Government programs, tariffs, and 5-year salient statistics for about 90 individual mineral commodities from 1932 to 2022. |
13 | USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries21 | |
