Fig. 4

Regional potentially cultivable land [% of total land] for the historic time period. The bars display the share of potentially cultivable land in total land area [%], the shares of protected areas36, forested areas37 and wetlands38 and the resulting potentially available cropland. The hatched parts of the bars indicate the potentially available cropland currently already cultivated37. The absolute area of potentially cultivable land is displayed in million km2 for each world region within the legend of the y-axis. The region mapping is displayed in the Methods section (Fig. 7).