Table 3 Comparison of the reconstructed, ERA-5 and ERA-Interim (ERA-I) Arctic SAT with observations from six terrestrial and three drifting ice stations.

From: Newly reconstructed Arctic surface air temperatures for 1979–2021 with deep learning method

Datasets

Recon

ERA-5

ERA-Interim

Observation

r

RMSE

r

RMSE

r

RMSE

Land-1 (id RSM00020891, 2011-01~2018-12)

0.996

1.55

0.994

1.79

0.994

1.88

Land-2 (id CA002100402, 2011-01~2018-12)

0.981

3.91

0.986

3.90

0.983

3.68

Land-3 (id USR0000ASNI, 2011-01~2018-12)

0.962

2.66

0.946

3.44

0.935

3.50

Land-4 (id USW00027401, 2011-01~2018-12)

0.985

2.10

0.985

2.43

0.986

2.10

Land-5 (id RSM00023975, 2011-01~2018-12)

0.995

1.58

0.997

1.35

0.996

1.49

Land-6 (id NOE00134886, 2011-01~2018-12)

0.973

1.68

0.969

1.73

0.990

0.894

NP-32 (2003-06~2004-03)

0.994

2.51

0.985

5.80

0.989

3.52

NP-33 (2004-09~2005-08)

0.986

2.46

0.977

5.03

0.979

4.15

NP-34 (2005-09~2006-05)

0.986

2.39

0.963

3.83

0.959

3.93

  1. “r” represents the correlation coefficient. “RMSE” indicates the root-mean-squared-error with units of °C.