Fig. 1

Summary of study. (a,b) Crystal structure of (a) La4Ni3O10 and (b) La4Ni3O8. La, Ni, and O atoms are depicted by green, gray, and red spheres, respectively. (c) The experimental geometry showing the incident x-ray angle θi, the scattering angle 2Θ, and incident x-ray polarization π and σ. (d) An example RIXS spectrum, which encodes the electronic structure of these materials.