Table 1 Overview of included German population-based observational studies (n = 16).
Study name | Study design | Sample size | Recruitment years | Age at recruitment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
CARLA (Cardiovascular Disease, Living and Ageing in Halle) | Cohort | 1,779 | 2002–2006 | 45–83 y |
DEGS1a (German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults) | Mixed (cross-sectional and cohort) | 8,152 | 2008–2011 | 18–79 y |
DONALD (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study) | (Open) cohort | ~2,300b | since 1985 (ongoing) | 3 mo |
EPIC-Heidelberg (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition – Heidelberg cohort) | Cohort | 25,540 | 1994–1998 | 35–65 y |
EPIC-Potsdam (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition – Potsdam cohort) | Cohort | 27,548 | 1994–1998 | 35–65 y |
GEDA – multiple studies (2009–2021) (German Health Update) | Cross-sectional | 21,262 | 2009 | 18–79 + y |
22,050 | 2010 | |||
19,294 | 2012 | |||
24,016 | 2014–2015 | |||
GHS (Gutenberg Health Study) | Cohort | 15,010 | 2007–2012 | 35–74 y |
GNHIES98 (BGS98) (German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998) | Cross-sectional | 7,124 | 1997–1999 | 18–79 y |
HCHS (Hamburg City Health Study) | Cohort | ~45,000b | since 2015 (ongoing) | 45–74 y |
HNRS (Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study) | Cohort | 4,814 | 2000–2003 | 45–75 y |
IDEFICS/I.Family (Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants/Determinants of eating behaviour in European children, adolescents and their parents) | Cohort | 16,228 (IDEFICS) | 2007–2008 | 2–10 y |
9,617 (I.Family) | ||||
KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg) | Cohort | S1: 4,022 | S1: 1984–1985 | S1: 25–64 y; |
S2: 4,940 | S2: 1989–1990 | |||
S3: 4,856 | S3: 1994–1995 | |||
S4: 4,261 | S4: 1999–2001 | S2-4: 25–74 y | ||
lidA (German Cohort Study on Work, Age, Health and Work Participation) | Cohort | 6,585 | 2011 | 46 and 52 y |
LIFE-Adult (Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases – Adult study) | Cohort | 10,000 | 2011–2014 | 18–80 y |
NAKO (German National Cohort; GNC/NAKO) | Cohort | >205,000c | 2014–2019 | 20–69 y |
SHIP/SHIP Trend (Study of Health in Pomerania) | Cohort | 4,308/ 4,420 | 1997–2001/ 2008–2012 | 20–79 y |
