Fig. 8
From: ModE-RA: a global monthly paleo-reanalysis of the modern era 1421 to 2008

Ensemble standard deviation ratio (ModE-Sim/ModE-RA) of temperature, i.e., the remaining ensemble standard deviation after data assimilation in comparison the the prior standard deviation. A value of one indicates no information added by data assimilation and a value of 0 would indicate that no ensemble spread is left. This is shown in the color scale for January (left column, (a)), (c), (e), (g), (i), (k)) and July (right column, (b), (d), (f), (h), (j), (l)) for 6 time slices between 1450 and 1950. The symbols indicate the assimilated observation network for all variables in the corresponding October to March (left column) and April to September season (right column) of the same year.