Table 1 The amount of news in the initial news database.

From: A cross-institutional database of operational risk external loss events in Chinese banking sector 1986–2023

Data source

Time interval

News

News after data cleaning

https://www.hexun.com

Jul.05, 2009-Mar.27, 2023

193,265

176,075

https://jrj.com

Sep.18, 2004-Sep.23, 2020

323,204

301,839

https://finance.china.com

Jul.05, 2019-Oct.06, 2020

6,580

6,342

Total

Sep.18, 2004-Mar.27, 2023

523,049

484,256