Table 10 Ratio of model performance between standard training and cross-dataset training using a leave-one-dataset-out strategy.

From: A benchmark for domain adaptation and generalization in smartphone-based human activity recognition

Model

Time

Frequency

KH

MS

RW-T

RW-W

UCI

WDM

Mean

KH

MS

RW-T

RW-W

UCI

WDM

Mean

KNN

1.18x

0.75x

0.87x

0.69x

0.52x

0.72x

0.77x

0.70x

0.90x

1.02x

0.79x

0.73x

0.80x

0.82x

Random Forest

0.67x

0.68x

0.76x

0.63x

0.75x

0.69x

0.70x

0.76x

0.89x

0.83x

0.93x

0.86x

0.80x

0.84x

SVM

0.85x

0.81x

0.77x

0.76x

0.85x

0.75x

0.80x

0.74x

0.98x

0.98x

0.93x

0.85x

0.88x

0.90x

CNN (1D)12

0.81x

0.86x

1.03x

0.93x

0.85x

0.78x

0.87x

0.90x

0.93x

0.96x

0.85x

0.82x

0.82x

0.88x

CNN (2D)12

0.76x

0.75x

0.84x

0.89x

0.75x

0.69x

0.78x

0.86x

0.91x

0.99x

0.86x

0.83x

0.82x

0.88x

CNN PF34

0.78x

0.71x

0.93x

0.83x

0.77x

0.64x

0.77x

0.89x

0.91x

1.08x

0.84x

0.82x

0.81x

0.88x

CNN PFF34

0.79x

0.71x

0.96x

0.84x

0.77x

0.64x

0.77x

0.90x

0.92x

1.08x

0.85x

0.81x

0.82x

0.89x

ConvNet13

0.81x

0.68x

0.74x

0.79x

0.72x

0.62x

0.72x

0.86x

0.93x

0.92x

0.84x

0.87x

0.87x

0.88x

IMU CNN14

0.69x

0.71x

0.72x

0.70x

0.71x

0.71x

0.71x

0.87x

0.92x

1.05x

0.88x

0.83x

0.82x

0.89x

IMU Transf.14

0.86x

0.91x

0.57x

0.79x

1.00x

1.30x

0.88x

0.95x

1.08x

1.07x

0.88x

0.97x

1.27x

1.03x

MLP (2 Layers)

0.73x

0.85x

0.96x

0.88x

0.86x

0.75x

0.83x

0.85x

0.92x

0.95x

0.80x

0.81x

0.81x

0.85x

MLP (3 layers)

0.67x

0.88x

0.94x

0.88x

0.82x

0.73x

0.81x

0.91x

0.94x

0.98x

0.84x

0.81x

0.83x

0.88x

ResNet15

0.72x

0.85x

0.61x

0.90x

0.84x

0.72x

0.78x

0.87x

0.93x

0.99x

0.81x

0.82x

0.81x

0.87x

ResNetSE67

0.75x

0.83x

0.68x

0.91x

0.81x

0.70x

0.78x

0.86x

0.92x

0.98x

0.90x

0.88x

0.79x

0.89x

ResNetSE-567

0.59x

0.79x

0.67x

0.96x

0.79x

0.63x

0.73x

0.92x

0.92x

0.98x

0.84x

0.82x

0.87x

0.89x

Max (Ratio)

0.77x

0.82x

0.97x

0.85x

0.84x

0.78x

0.86x

0.90x

0.92x

0.92x

0.84x

0.86x

0.86x

0.88x

  1. Values close to one indicate no significant difference between the two scenarios, values below one indicate better performance in the standard training scenario, and values above one indicate better performance in the cross-dataset scenario. The Max (Ratio) line is the ratio between both maximum values of the two scenarios.