Fig. 2

Community Structure of Gut Microbiota in RA and HC Groups. (A) The graphs display the relative abundance of the most prevalent genera in the gut microbiota of RA patients and HCs. Each bar represents an individual’s microbiota profile, with colors indicating different genera. Genera that do not fall into the top prevalent categories are grouped under ‘Others.’ The color-coded sidebar to the right of the plots indicates three major clusters in HC and five in RA, illustrating variations within the community composition. (B) The 3D PCoA plots illustrate the two groups’ overall gut microbiota composition and beta diversity based on genus-level profiles, using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. The shape of the surfaces represents the density of points in the CPCoA space, with key genera labeled to show their relative influence on the separation between HCs and RA patients.