Table 2 List, sources, timespan and units of geographical variables.

From: HISTORECO: Historical Spanish transition database on climate, geography and economics of the 20th-21st century

Variables

Name in the dataset

Data source

Timespan

Units

Distance to coast

to_coast_km

IGN

Static variable

Kilometres

Distance to Madrid

to_mad_km

IGN

Static variable

Kilometres

Distance to province capital city

to_prov_cap_km

IGN

Static variable

Kilometres

Coordinates (X,Y)

longitude

latitude

IGN

Static variable

Latitude and longitude coordinates of the centroid of the municipality (DD)

Altitude

altitude

IGN

Static variable

Average altitude in metres above the sea

Ruggedness

ruggedness

IGN

Static variable

Standard deviation of the altitude of municipality

Area

area

IGN

Static variable

Area of the municipality (km2)

  1. Note: Values for several statistics were also consistently checked with data from Francisco Beltrán-Tapia (e.g. used in Beltrán Tapia et al., 2021)25. The authors want to greatly acknowledge his help in providing his data, revealing a very high consistency of both databases.
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