Fig. 3
From: Under-ice environment observations from a remotely operated vehicle during the MOSAiC expedition

Overview maps of the locations of the ROV sites relative to Polarstern. Maps showing the sea-ice freeboard derived from helicopter airborne laser scanning data64,96,97. Map on (a) 19/11/2019 showing ROV sites 1.0, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0, (b) 22/07/2020 showing ROV site 4.5 surrounded by leads and open melt ponds, (c) 15/09/2020 showing ROV site 5.0 surrounded by new and refrozen melt ponds and leads. The yellow circles represent the reach of the ROV, 300 m around the ROV ice access hole. For reference and orientation, other sites are marked where scientific data were acquired (Polarstern CTD, radiation stations 2020R13, 2020R14, 2020R22). Grey color in (a) indicates that no data is available and in (b) and (c) refers to open water and melt ponds.