Table 1 Specification of indicator data sources and variables, inclusive economy indicators, economic outcomes category (A).

From: An inclusive economy dataset for wards in Great Britain using administrative and synthetic data sources

ID

Descriptor

Metric(s)

Data source(s); variable(s) used

Variable definitions and specifications

1A*

Participation in paid employment

Percentage of working-age people who are employed

UKHLS2; dvage, employ

Definitions: “The age of the respondent at last birthday” (dvage); “[Are you] in paid employment?” (employ). Numerator: All in denominator who are employed (employ = 1). Denominator: All in age range 16–64 (dvage).

2A*

Involuntary exclusion from the labour market

Share of working-age people who are long-term unemployed or inactive due to ill health or disability

UKHLS2; jbstat

Definition: “[Which category] best describes your current employment situation?“. Numerator: All in jbstat = 8 (long-term sick or disabled). Denominator: All with valid jbstat values (jbstat > 0).

3A

Wealth inequality

Ratio of median house prices in most/least expensive areas

ONS here (England and Wales)1; SG here (Scotland)1

Max/min median house prices by LSOA within wards.

4A*

Earnings inequality

Ratio of weekly earnings (residents in FT work), 80th/20th percentiles

UKHLS2; paygu_dv, jbstat, jbft_dv

Definition: “Usual gross pay per month” (paygu_dv); as Indicator 2A (jbstat); “Employed full time (i.e., greater [than] 30 hours per week)” (jbft_dv). Specification: paygu_dv > 0, ratio of 80th/20th percentiles; full-time employees only (jbstat = 2; jbft_dv = 1).

5A*

Poverty

Percentage of children living in low-income households

DWP (via Gov.UK)1 here

Relative poverty before housing costs (BHC) is measure of low income used, i.e. households for which income falls below 60% of national median; details here. After housing costs (AHC) data, as used in local authority-level dataset, not available at ward level.

6A*

Decent pay

Proportion of employee jobs that are paid at or above the Real Living Wage

UKHLS2; paygu_dv, jbhrs, jbstat, dvage

Definitions: As Indicator 4A (paygu_dv); “[H]ours normally worked per week“ (jbhrs), as Indicator 2A (jbstat); as Indicator 1A (dvage). Numerator: Those in denominator with hourly earnings (derived from paygu_dv and jbhrs) above Real Living Wage (18 + only, from Living Wage Foundation here; different rates applied for London and non-London). Demoninator: Employees (jbstat = 2) with non-zero income (paygu_dv > 0) aged 18 or over (dvage ≥ 18).

7A*

Job security

Share of employees in permanent work

UKHLS2; jbstat, jbterm1

Definition: As Indicator 2A (jbstat); “Current job: permanent or temporary” (jbterm1). Numerator: Employees (jbstat = 2) in permanent jobs (jbterm1 = 1). Denominator: Employees in permanent or non-permanent jobs (jbterm1 in [1, 2]).

  1. UKHLS = Understanding Society/SIPHER Synthetic Population, ONS/Nomis = Office for National Statistics/website, SG = Scottish Government, DWP = Department for Work and Pensions.
  2. *Data source or definition of variable/metric differs from that in local authority-level dataset.
  3. 1Input data are included with data package at data repository35.
  4. 2Input data are not included with data package at data repository35; see instructions in user guide there.
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