Fig. 2

Proposed Taxonomy of TEMS Surgical Workflow. The TEMS operation can be split into three levels: [A] High level activity phase (such as Set-up, Dissection, Specimen Removal, Closure and Scope Removal), [B] Task based activities (such as scope insertion, instrument movement, site wash and pressure increase), [C] Small unit tasks (such as tissue marking, tissue retraction, smoke identification, bleeding identification and haemostasis).