Table 2 Overview of key relative accuracy metrics for each processed UAV flight.

From: LiDAR-based topographic data for the coastline of Port Foster (Deception Island, Antarctica)

Product ID

Camera Optimization (%)

Mean Reprojection Error (pixel)

Geolocation RMSE Error (cm)

IMU Trajectory Error

x

y

z

X(E) RMSE (cm)

X(E) Average (cm)

Y(N) RMSE (cm)

Y(N) Average (cm)

Z(U) RMSE (cm)

Z(U) Average (cm)

20250203_01

3.080

0.173

0.716

0.952

2.447

0.010

0.641

0.007

0.513

0.008

0.663

20250129_02

3.060

0.163

21.120

26.525

51.372

0.010

0.641

0.007

0.513

0.007

0.663

20250129_03

2.880

0.182

0.505

0.691

1.304

0.009

0.641

0.006

0.513

0.007

0.663

20250129_04

3.250

0.172

0.358

0.315

0.938

0.014

0.646

0.009

0.514

0.012

0.666

20250204_05

3.050

0.128

2.494

3.217

1.269

0.012

0.644

0.008

0.513

0.010

0.665

20250129_05bis

3.120

0.165

0.456

0.558

0.858

0.013

0.644

0.008

0.513

0.010

0.665

20250129_06

2.950

0.173

0.356

0.263

0.716

0.009

0.640

0.007

0.512

0.007

0.663

20250129_07

3.150

0.173

0.484

0.547

0.823

0.010

0.642

0.007

0.514

0.009

0.664

20250130_08

3.110

0.178

0.821

0.800

1.184

0.012

0.645

0.009

0.515

0.011

0.666

20250130_09

3.100

0.175

1.028

0.607

1.027

0.010

0.643

0.006

0.512

0.007

0.663

20250130_10

3.390

0.173

0.967

0.726

1.019

0.010

0.643

0.006

0.512

0.006

0.663

20250203_11

3.110

0.169

2.278

9.870

1.571

0.012

0.644

0.008

0.516

0.011

0.665

20250129_12

3.090

0.187

0.351

0.339

1.359

0.010

0.642

0.007

0.514

0.009

0.664

20250130_13

3.130

0.168

0.613

0.702

1.299

0.010

0.642

0.007

0.513

0.008

0.664