Table 1 Demographic characteristics and tobacco use parameters of smokers and non-smokers.

From: Altered spontaneous brain activity in chronic smokers revealed by fractional ramplitude of low-frequency fluctuation analysis: a preliminary study

Demographic variables

Smokers

Non-smokers

P values

N

55

49

—

Age, years, mean ± SD

39.4 (6.9)

37.3 (8.0)

0.154

Range, years

26–54

25-56

—

Gender (male/female)

55/0

49/0

1.000

Education years, mean ± SD

13.6 ± 2.6a

16.2 ± 4.5

0.001

Handedness, right/left (n)

55/0

49/0

1.000

Age at start of smoking, mean ± SD

20.4 ± 5.1

—

—

Smoking initiation age range (years)

12–43

—

—

Smoking years, mean ± SD

19.0 ± 6.1

—

—

Range, years

8–38

—

—

Cigarettes per day

23.5 ± 10.2

—

—

Range, cigarettes per day

10–60

—

—

FTND scores

5.2 ± 2.1

—

—

Range, FTND scores

1–10

—

—

  1. aSignificantly different from control group, p < 0.01. FTND Fagerström test for Nicotine Dependence. Two-sample two-tailed t tests were used for age and years of education comparisons between smokers and non-smokers. Chi-squared test was performed for gender and handedness comparison between smokers and non-smokers.