Table 1 Summary of chronology, vegetation, climate and land-use and cave site characteristics for each region/cave site and stalagmite.

From: Dating stalagmites in mediterranean climates using annual trace element cycles

Stalagmite samples from the southwest region (SWWA)

Location

Augusta, WA

Yanchep, WA

Mean annual precipitation

962 mm (1900 to 2015) 912 mm (1970 to present)

797 mm (1900 to 2015) 698 mm (1970 to 2015)

Mean annual temperature

17.0 °C (1999–2015)

18.3 °C (1996–2015)

Mean annual cave temperature

15.9–16.5 °C18

17.6 ± 0.4 °C (annual range 17.1–18.2 °C)

Vegetation

Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor) forest with a dense understorey

Tuart forest (Eucalyptus gomphocephala) with a dense understorey.

Fire and Land-use History

Record of land-use change and settlement and fires above the cave from 1958 to present.

Record of land-use change, development and fires in the park from 1960 to present.

Cave Site

Labyrinth Cave 31.547°S, 115.69°E

Moondyne Cave 34.27°S, 115.098°E

Yonderup Cave 34.27°S, 115.098°E

Samples

LAB-S1 (all data unpublished)

MND-S1 (published data, Treble et al. 2003 and 2005)

YD-S2 (all data unpublished)

Trace elements

Mg, Sr, Na, U, Ba, P

Mg, Sr, Na, U, Ba, P

Mg, Sr, U, Ba, P, Pb, Cu, Al, Zn

Growth rate

0.35 mm

0.37 mm

0.07 mm

Cave depth (m)

35 m

30 m

4 m

Age span* (AD)

Unknown

1911 to 1991 AD

1832 AD (±54 years) to 2004 AD

  1. Surface temperatures and rainfall data are from Cape Leeuwin (9518) and Gingin (9178) stations30. Cave temperature for Yonderup was calculated from 4 hourly measurements from July 2005 to November 2006. (*) Age span based on known age constraints for MND-S1 and U-Th dates for YD-S2. See supplementary Table 1 for more detail on U-Th dates.