Table 1 Summary of the subject and environmental characteristics in two interventional studies.

From: Removal of Diethylhexyl Phthalate from Hands by Handwashing: Evidence from Experimental N-of-1 and Crossover Designs

Study Design

N-of-1

Crossover

N or Mean ± SD

N

1

28

  Female

1

14

  Male

14

Age (yrs)

25.0

22.7 ± 2.9

  Female

25.0

23.5 ± 3.7

  Male

21.9 ± 1.6

BMI

20.4

22.3 ± 3.5

  Female

20.4

20.2 ± 2.4

  male

24.4 ± 3.1

Body weight (kg)

46.0

62.6 ± 14.3

  Female

46.0.4

52.0 ± 6.8

  Male

73.3 ± 11.7

Hand length (cm)

18.1

18.1 ± 1.2

  Female

18.1

17.5 ± 1.0

  Male

18.8 ± 0.9

Hand breadth (cm)

7.2

8.1 ± 0.7

  Female

7.2

7.6 ± 0.4

  Male

8.6 ± 0.4

Water temperature (°C)

24.4 ± 0.2

25.8 ± 1.3

  Water-only

24.5 ± 0.2

25.9 ± 1.2

  Soap-and-water

24.4 ± 0.2

25.8 ± 1.3