Figure 3

Relationship between chloroplast genome size and chloroplast gene length. (a) Heat maps of standardized contrast (SC) values for each gene. SCs were obtained by dividing the raw contrasts between gene length and the average gene length by the standard deviation. Green indicates that the gene was lost in the species. White indicates that SC is zero, which indicates that the sequence characteristics of this species were equal to the average of the sequence characteristics of all seed plants collected for this study. Red stands for an SC larger than zero, blue stands for an SC smaller than zero, and larger absolute values of SC are indicated by darker colors. I indicates genes for the photosynthetic apparatus, II comprises RNA genes and genes for the genetic apparatus, and III represents potential genes. (b) The box plots of Ka/Ks values of atpA, accD, ycf1 atpI, ndhE, rbcL, rps8, and matK in the homologous genes of plants.