Table 2 Crude and adjusted hazard ratios of death from cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, and all other cause within 10 years of diagnosis in Southeast Asian women with breast cancer.

From: Risk of death from cardiovascular disease following breast cancer in Southeast Asia: a prospective cohort study

 

Cardiovascular disease

Breast cancer

All other cause

Crude

Adjusted

Crude

Adjusted

Crude

Adjusted

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

Ethnicity

Chinese

1.0

—

1.0

—

1.0

—

1.0

—

1.0

—

1.0

—

Malay

1.2

0.6 to 2.6

1.8

0.9 to 3.9

2.1

1.8 to 2.6

1.9

1.6 to 2.3

1.0

0.6 to 1.6

1.2

0.7 to 2.0

Indian

2.2

1.0 to 4.6

2.5

1.2 to 5.2

1.2

0.9 to 1.6

1.2

0.9 to 1.6

0.6

0.3 to 1.4

0.6

0.3 to 1.4

Age at diagnosis*

2.8

2.4 to 3.5

2.7

2.2 to 3.4

1.2

1.2 to 1.3

1.3

1.2 to 1.4

2.3

2.0 to 2.6

2.0

1.8 to 2.3

TNM stage

In situ

0.4

0.1 to 1.3

0.5

0.2 to 1.6

0.1

0.0 to 0.2

0.1

0.0 to 0.2

0.5

0.2 to 1.0

0.6

0.3 to 1.2

1–2

1.0

—

1.0

—

1.0

—

1.0

—

1.0

—

1.0

—

3

1.3

0.6 to 2.8

1.2

0.6 to 2.7

4.5

3.7 to 5.3

3.6

3.0 to 4.4

1.8

1.1 to 2.8

1.9

1.1 to 3.1

unknown

3.0

1.7 to 5.2

1.7

1.0 to 3.1

4.5

3.8 to 5.4

6.0

4.9 to 7.3

3.3

2.3 to 4.8

2.7

1.8 to 4.0

Year of diagnosis

2011–2015

1.0

—

—

 

1.0

—

1.0

—

1.0

—

—

 

2006–2010

3.0

0.7 to 12.8

  

1.7

1.2 to 2.5

1.6

1.1 to 2.3

1.1

0.6 to 1.9

  

1990–2005

2.7

0.6 to 11.7

  

2.1

1.5 to 3.0

2.1

1.5 to 3.1

0.8

0.4 to 1.4

  

Tumor differentiation grade

Good

1.0

—

—

 

1.0

—

1.0

—

1.0

—

—

 

Moderate

1.0

0.5 to 2.0

  

3.3

2.1 to 5.0

3.2

2.0 to 4.9

0.8

0.5 to 1.4

  

Poor

0.8

0.4 to 1.6

  

6.6

4.3 to 10.0

5.5

3.6 to 8.4

1.0

0.6 to 1.7

  

Unknown

1.0

0.4 to 2.3

  

5.5

3.5 to 8.5

4.8

3.0 to 7.6

1.0

0.6 to 1.8

  

Estrogen receptor status

Positive

2.1

1.2 to 3.7

—

 

0.9

0.7 to 1.0

—

 

1.4

1.0 to 2.1

—

 

Negative

1.0

—

  

1.0

—

  

1.0

—

  

Unknown

1.0

0.5 to 2.1

  

0.8

0.7 to 1.0

  

1.2

0.8 to 1.8

  

Chemotherapy

Yes

0.3

0.2 to 0.5

—

 

1.6

1.4 to 1.8

1.4

1.1 to 1.6

0.5

0.4 to 0.7

—

 

No

1.0

—

  

1.0

—

1.0

—

1.0

—

  

Unknown

0.2

0.0 to 1.1

  

0.8

0.6 to 1.2

0.6

0.2 to 2.0

0.5

0.2 to 1.1

  

Radiotherapy

Yes

0.4

0.2 to 0.7

—

 

1.0

0.9 to 1.2

0.9

0.7 to 1.0

0.5

0.4 to 0.8

0.8

0.5 to 1.1

No

1.0

—

  

1.0

—

1.0

—

1.0

—

1.0

—

Unknown

0.3

0.1 to 1.2

  

0.6

0.4 to 0.9

0.5

0.2 to 1.2

0.5

0.2 to 1.0

0.4

0.2 to 0.8

Hormonal therapy

Yes

1.2

0.7 to 2.1

—

 

0.7

0.6 to 0.8

0.7

0.6 to 0.8

1.1

0.8 to 1.5

—

 

No

1.0

—

  

1.0

—

1.0

—

1.0

—

  

Unknown

0.3

0.0 to 2.2

  

0.6

0.4 to 0.8

0.6

0.2 to 1.7

0.7

0.3 to 1.6

  
  1. Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; TNM, Classification of Malignant Tumors. *Per 10 year increase. The HRs are estimated with a flexible parametric survival model including two internal knots for death from breast cancer and zero internal knots for death from cardiovascular disease and all other cause (i.e., assuming proportional hazards over 10 years of follow-up). Adjusted HRs for death from CVD by ethnicity are adjusted for age at diagnosis (per ten year increase) and TNM stage. Adjusted HRs for death from breast cancer by ethnicity are adjusted for age at diagnosis (per ten year increase), TNM stage, tumor differentiation grade, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonal therapy. Adjusted HRs for death from all other cause by ethnicity are adjusted for age at diagnosis (per ten year increase), TNM stage, and radiotherapy.
Back to article page