Table 1 The average zones of inhibition (in mm) of rGO, nAg, rGO–nAg, and nitrofurantoin.

From: Synergic bactericidal effects of reduced graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

Isolates

P. mirabilis

E. coli

S. aureus

rGO

50 µg/ml

No zone

No zone

No zone

100 µg/ml

No zone

No zone

No zone

200 µg/ml

18 ± 2

9 ± 1

No zone

nAg

100 µg/ml

No zone

No zone

8 ± 1

rGO–nAg

100 µg/ml

23 ± 2

25 ± 2

24 ± 1

Nitrofurantoin

100 µg/ml

24 ± 2

No zone

26 ± 1

  1. As expected, the zone of inhibition for rGO and nAg was concentration-dependent. The concentrations of 50 µg/ml and 100 µg/ml of rGO and nAg, respectively, were insufficient to inhibit the organisms tested. At these concentrations, nitrofurantoin inhibited P. mirabilis and S. aureus, but not E. coli. rGO–nAg nanomaterial composite showed strong activity, inhibiting all pathogens tested, including E. coli shown to be resistant to standard antibiotic.
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