Figure 1
Paternal spatial training improves cognitive performance and synaptic transmission in 129s F1 offspring. (a) Spatial training paradigm and the experimental procedures. The birth of F1 offspring was defined as day zero. 37 days ago, F0 males were collected and engaged to Morris water maze (MWM) training or swimming (control). Those who behaved well were selected to mate with untreated females after MWM. The F1 offspring from different cages were bred under the same maintenance. When offspring grew up to 7-m old, they were conducted with MWM, Electrophysiological analysis (LTP), Western blotting (WB), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), mRNA extraction, and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). (b) Escape latency to find the hidden platform in Morris water maze during 6 days training (two-way ANOVA row factor, F5,229 = 10.72, p < 0.0001; Bonferroni post hoc tests, *p < 0.05, n = 8 per group). (c) Quantitative analysis of time spent in the target quadrants measured at day 8 after removed the platform. Bar graphs show mean ± SEM (**p < 0.01, two-tail t-test, n = 6~8 per group). (d) The swimming pathway in the maze recorded at day 8 after removed the platform. (e) The Input/Output curve of the fEPSP recorded at cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) pyramidal neurons, normalized by fEPSP amplitude induced by minimum stimulation intensity (two-way ANOVA row factor, F6,70 = 137.4, p < 0.0001; Bonferroni post hoc tests, *p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, 5 slices from 3 mice per group). (f) The slope of fEPSP after HFS, normalized by the fEPSP slope before HFS (the baseline). Arrow indicates the onset of HFS (100 Hz, 1 s duration). (g) Quantitative analysis of fEPSP slope. 6 values (fEPSP slopes against the baseline) around 60 min in each group were took for quantitative analysis. Bar graphs show mean ± SEM (**p < 0.01, two-tail t-test, 4~5 slices from 3 mice per group).
