Figure 3
Pretreatment of TNF-α can synergistically induce mesenchymal changes in TGF-β treated IEOs. (A) Time-course images of the mesenchymal changes and migratory cells in IEOs treated with TNF-α and TGF-β1. Bars, 100 μm. Red arrow, migrating cells. (B) The expression of α-SMA and Ki67 was examined in TGF-β and TNF-α treated IEOs. Bars, 50 μm. (C) The percentage of α-SMA positive colonies among all the colonies was determined. (D) The percentage of Ki67 positive colonies among all the colonies was determined. (E) Images of mesenchymal change when the order of treatment of TNF-α and TGF-β in IEOs was changed. Bars, 100 μm. Red arrow, migrating cells. (F) The expression of α-SMA and Ki67 was examined when the order of treatment of TNF-α and TGF-β in IEOs was changed. Bars, 50 μm. (G) The percentage of α-SMA positive colonies among all the colonies was determined when the order of treatment of TNF-α and TGF-β in IEOs was changed. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM; n = 4 samples per bar, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05.
