Figure 4

Pretreatment of TNF-α can synergistically induce mesenchymal changes in TGF-β treated IEOs derived from the mouse colon. (A) Representative images of mesenchymal changes and migratory cells in cIEOs treated with TNF- α and TGF-β1. Bars, 100 μm. Red arrow, migrating cells. (B) The expression of α-SMA and Ki67 was examined in TGF-β and TNF-α treated cIEOs. Bars, 50 μm. (C) The percentage of α-SMA positive colonies among all the colonies was determined. (D) The percentage of Ki67 positive colonies among all the colonies was determined. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM; n = 4 samples per bar, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05.