Table 2 Regression coefficients of patterns of alcohol consumption for hearing threshold.

From: Gender Differences in the Association between Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Hearing Threshold Shifts

Variables

High-PTA

Low-PTA

Unadjusted

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Unadjusted

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Patterns of alcohol consumption

Lifetime abstainers

β* (95%CI)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

P value

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Former drinkers

β (95%CI)

0.121 (0.083, 0.159)

−0.037(−0.142, 0.069)

−0.037(−0.143, 0.069)

−0.035(−0.142, 0.073)

0.035(0.002, 0.069)

−0.082(−0.192, 0.027)

−0.071(−0.181, 0.039)

−0.068(−0.178, 0.043)

P value

<0.001

0.497

0.489

0.527

0.035

0.140

0.204

0.228

Current drinkers with MAC

β (95%CI)

0.011 (−0.019, 0.041)

−0.114 (−0.212, −0.015)

−0.116(−0.216, −0.017)

−0.112(−0.213, −0.011)

−0.048(−0.074, −0.022)

−0.146(−0.248, −0.044)

−0.133(−0.235, −0.030)

−0.131(−0.235, −0.027)

P value

0.485

0.024

0.022

0.030

<0.001

0.005

0.012

0.013

Current drinkers with AMAC

β (95%CI)

0.140 (0.091, 0.188)

−0.069 (−0.180, 0.042)

−0.069(−0.181, 0.042)

−0.066(−0.181, 0.049)

0.032(−0.010, 0.074)

−0.107(−0.223, 0.008)

−0.102(−0.218, 0.013)

−0.111(−0.229, 0.007)

P value

<0.001

0.223

0.224

0.261

0.140

0.068

0.082

0.065

  1. Adjusted covariates: Model 1 = age, sex, race. Model 2 = Model 1 + (waist circumference, uric acid, fasting glucose, total cholesterol). Model 3 = Model 2 + (abnormal otoscopy, abnormal tympanometry, present use of ototoxic agents, history of diabetes, heart disease, stroke). Definition of abbreviations: MAC = moderate alcohol consumption, AMAC = above moderate alcohol consumption, High-PTA = Pure tone average at high frequencies, Low-PTA = Pure tone average at low frequencies. *β Coefficients can be interpreted as differences in hearing threshold comparing subjects in the other three patterns of alcohol consumption to those in the lifetime abstainers.
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