Table 2 Characteristics of overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30) study participants.

From: Mid-Arm Circumference and All-Cause, Cardiovascular, and Cancer Mortality among Obese and Non-Obese US Adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III

Characteristic

Tertiles of mid-arm circumference (cm)

Total n = 4438

p-value

T1 (20.0–31.3 cm) n = 1501

T2 (31.4–33.4 cm) n = 1499

T3 (33.5–52.0 cm) n = 1438

Continuous variables

  Mid-arm circumference (cm), mean (SD)

29.93 (1.26)

32.52 (0.62)

35.14 (1.34)

32.49 (2.39)

<0.001

  Age (years), mean (SD)

52.84 (20.92)

49.42 (18.20)

45.44 (16.25)

49.29 (18.82)

<0.001

  BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD)

26.57 (1.21)

27.28 (1.40)

28.00 (1.35)

27.28 (1.44)

<0.001

  Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD)

128.09 (23.78)

126.90 (21.27)

125.84 (19.09)

126.96 (21.51)

0.020

  Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD)

71.80 (12.15)

73.99 (12.35)

75.47 (11.73)

73.73 (12.18)

<0.001

  Serum triglycerides (mg/dL), mean (SD)

154.07 (113.78)

154.72 (108.12)

160.09 (126.93)

156.24 (116.41)

0.031

  HDL (mg/dL), mean (SD)

50.95 (14.42)

48.35 (14.27)

46.34 (12.62)

48.58 (13.94)

<0.001

  Serum glucose (mg/dL), mean (SD)

100.65 (37.29)

101.10 (36.28)

101.92 (36.31)

101.22 (36.63)

0.637

  C-reactive protein (mg/dL), mean (SD)

0.48 (0.77)

0.44 (0.66)

0.38 (0.75)

0.43 (0.73)

0.001

  Serum uric acid (mg/dL), mean (SD)

5.17 (1.40)

5.57 (1.45)

5.90 (1.36)

5.54 (1.44)

<0.001

  AST (U/L), mean (SD)

21.47 (14.56)

22.31 (13.73)

23.84 (14.85)

22.52 (14.41)

<0.001

  Serum total bilirubin (mg/dL), mean (SD)

0.57 (0.32)

0.61 (0.32)

0.64 (0.36)

0.61 (0.34)

<0.001

Categorical variables

  Male, n (%)

502 (33.4)

877 (58.5)

1089 (75.7)

2468 (55.6)

<0.001

  Non-Hispanic white, n (%)

627 (41.8)

648 (43.2)

557 (38.7)

1832 (41.3)

<0.001

  Type 2 diabetes mellitus, n (%)

130 (8.7)

123 (8.2)

111 (7.7)

364 (8.2)

0.453

  Malignancy, n (%)

63 (4.2)

49 (3.3)

31 (2.2)

143 (3.2)

0.008

  Stroke, n (%)

48 (3.2)

45 (3.0)

25 (1.7)

118 (2.7)

0.187

  Congestive heart failure, n (%)

50 (3.3)

57 (3.8)

33 (2.3)

140 (3.2)

0.156

  Smoking, n (%)

113 (7.5)

216 (14.4)

260 (18.1)

589 (13.3)

<0.001

  Physical activity, n (%)

    

<0.001

  Ideal

437 (29.1)

485 (32.4)

484 (33.7)

1406 (31.7)

 

  Intermediate

695 (46.3)

739 (49.3)

767 (53.3)

2201 (49.6)

 

  None

369 (24.6)

275 (18.3)

187 (13.0)

831 (18.7)

 
  1. AST, aspartate aminotransferases; BMI, body mass index; HDL, High-density lipoprotein; SD, standard deviation.
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