Table 1 General characteristics of the subjects (n = 8276).
Variables | Total (n = 8276) | Male (n = 2981) | Female (n = 5295) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | Undiagnosed T2DM | P | Normal | Undiagnosed T2DM | P | Normal | Undiagnosed T2DM | P | |
Age (years), mean ± SD | 54.71 ± 9.95 | 57.26 ± 8.89 | <0.001 | 55.58 ± 10.37 | 55.93 ± 9.60 | 0.683 | 54.22 ± 9.67 | 58.17 ± 8.27 | <0.001 |
Education, n (%) | 0.059 | 0.607 | 0.001 | ||||||
≤Primary school | 3140(39.81) | 171(44.65) | 851(30.15) | 44(28.21) | 2289(45.19) | 127(55.95) | |||
≥Middle school | 4748(60.19) | 212(55.35) | 1972(69.85) | 112(71.79) | 2776(54.81) | 100(44.05) | |||
Marital status, n (%) | 0.004 | 0.090 | 0.018 | ||||||
Married/cohabitation | 7156(91.18) | 332(86.91) | 2585(92.19) | 137(88.39) | 4571(90.62) | 195(85.90) | |||
Divorced/widowed/unmarried | 692(8.82) | 50(13.09) | 219(7.81) | 18(11.61) | 473(9.38) | 32(14.10) | |||
Physical activity, n (%) | 0.002 | 0.112 | 0.007 | ||||||
Low | 2725(34.53) | 162(42.30) | 1102(39.02) | 74(47.43) | 1623(32.02) | 88(38.77) | |||
Moderate | 1592(20.17) | 81(21.15) | 358(12.68) | 17(10.90) | 1234(24.35) | 64(28.19) | |||
High | 3575(45.30) | 140(36.55) | 1364(48.30) | 65(41.67) | 2211(43.63) | 75(33.04) | |||
More vegetables & fruits intake, n (%) | 1946(24.66) | 81(21.15) | 0.119 | 720(25.50) | 27(17.31) | 0.022 | 1226(24.19) | 54(23.79) | 0.890 |
High-fat diet, n (%) | 1898(24.05) | 93(24.28) | 0.918 | 906(32.09) | 53(33.97) | 0.625 | 992(19.57) | 40(17.62) | 0.467 |
Current smoking, n (%) | 1424(18.04) | 65(16.97) | 0.100 | 1415(50.11) | 65(41.67) | 0.116 | 9(0.18) | 0(0.0) | 0.182 |
Current drinking, n (%) | 1353(17.14) | 75(19.58) | 0.217 | 1224(43.33) | 68(43.59) | 0.949 | 129(2.55) | 7(3.08) | 0.616 |
Family history of diabetes, n (%) | 558(7.07) | 34(8.88) | 0.180 | 188(6.65) | 22(14.10) | <0.001 | 370(7.30) | 12(5.29) | 0.251 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.15 ± 3.39 | 26.60 ± 3.70 | <0.001 | 24.79 ± 3.32 | 26.75 ± 3.75 | <0.001 | 25.36 ± 3.41 | 26.50 ± 3.68 | <0.001 |
FPG (mmol/l) | 5.19 ± 0.60 | 9.17 ± 2.56 | <0.001 | 5.18 ± 0.64 | 9.21 ± 2.49 | <0.001 | 5.19 ± 0.58 | 9.15 ± 2.61 | <0.001 |
Resting heart rate (beats/min) | 76.41 ± 10.06 | 81.62 ± 12.24 | <0.001 | 74.74 ± 10.10 | 80.46 ± 11.10 | <0.001 | 77.33 ± 9.92 | 82.43 ± 12.92 | <0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125.30 ± 19.07 | 131.27 ± 18.87 | <0.001 | 126.69 ± 17.67 | 129.31 ± 17.11 | 0.071 | 124.52 ± 19.76 | 132.63 ± 19.91 | <0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78.68 ± 11.53 | 82.01 ± 11.10 | <0.001 | 80.42 ± 11.57 | 83.22 ± 10.67 | 0.003 | 77.71 ± 11.40 | 81.17 ± 11.33 | <0.001 |
Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 46.62 ± 12.22 | 49.27 ± 13.00 | <0.001 | 46.27 ± 10.97 | 46.09 ± 10.84 | 0.841 | 46.82 ± 12.87 | 51.45 ± 13.91 | <0.001 |
