Figure 8 | Scientific Reports

Figure 8

From: MicroRNA-34a Encapsulated in Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles Induces Epigenetic Changes with Altered Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Apoptosis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells

Figure 8

Summary Effect of miR34a. The miR34a delivery using HA-NPs can induce apoptosis in cisplatin sensitive (A549) and cisplatin resistant (A549 DDP) NSCLC cancer cell lines. miR34a can inhibit the Nrf-2 pathway and result in decreased levels of Glutathione (GSH). This altered redox status can further affect the levels of DNA methyl transferase (DNMT1) as well as Ten Eleven Translocase (TET) enzymes. Such altered levels of epigenetic enzymes can further lead to altered epigenetic status on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and resulting in altered mitochondrial transcription and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Consequently, elevated mitochondrial ATP and cytochrome C oxidase can further contribute towards caspase activation and apoptotic induction. This process is also supported by the effects of PGC1-alpha on mitochondrial transcription and biogenesis. In parallel, miR34a can also inhibit the anti-apoptotic factor resulting in elevated levels of caspase-3 activation and apoptotic induction.

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