Table 2 Association between Pre-diagnostic β-blocker use and Lung Cancer Survival (Overall, by Cancer Site and Cancer Stage).

From: Pre- and post-diagnostic β-blocker use and lung cancer survival: A population-based cohort study

β-blocker	Propensity score matched cohort (N = 2500)
β-blocker	Subgroup	N	Events	HR^a	95% CI	P
No β-blocker
	Total	1250	1114	1.00	Ref.	/
	Stage I	197	120	1.00	Ref.	/
	Stage II	70	57	1.00	Ref.	/
	Stage III	360	337	1.00	Ref.	/
	Stage IV	471	461	1.00	Ref.	/
	NSCLC	898	780	1.00	Ref.	/
	SCLC	209	204	1.00	Ref.	/
Any β-blocker
	Total	1250	1107	1.00	0.92–1.08	0.9950
	Stage I	197	122	0.95	0.74–1.23	0.7157
	Stage II	68	55	0.89	0.60–1.31	0.5529
	Stage III	371	333	0.87	0.75–1.02	0.0822
	Stage IV	469	466	1.20	1.06–1.35	0.0050
	NSCLC	882	763	0.97	0.88–1.07	0.5161
	SCLC	228	216	1.04	0.86–1.25	0.6844
Selective β-blocker
	Total	1112	982	0.97	0.89–1.05	0.4661
	Stage I	177	111	0.99	0.77–1.27	0.9123
	Stage II	60	48	0.86	0.57–1.29	0.4650
	Stage III	333	298	0.85	0.73–0.99	0.0426
	Stage IV	414	411	1.18	1.04–1.34	0.0099
	NSCLC	783	677	0.96	0.87–1.06	0.4416
	SCLC	207	195	0.96	0.79–1.15	0.6371
Nonselective β-blocker
	Total	151	138	1.22	1.01–1.46	0.0357
	Stage I	21	12	0.90	0.47–1.74	0.7614
	Stage II	8	7	1.11	0.52–2.37	0.7807
	Stage III	45	42	1.21	0.87–1.67	0.2622
	Stage IV	58	58	1.10	0.85–1.42	0.4630
	NSCLC	108	95	1.08	0.87–1.34	0.4982
	SCLC	22	22	1.67	1.14–2.46	0.0092
Hydrophilic β-blocker
	Total	298	264	0.97	0.85–1.11	0.7041
	Stage I	44	32	1.35	0.92–1.96	0.1208
	Stage II	22	21	1.19	0.74–1.92	0.4664
	Stage III	78	64	0.79	0.59–1.05	0.1026
	Stage IV	112	112	1.14	0.94–1.38	0.1812
	NSCLC	195	171	0.99	0.85–1.17	0.9421
	SCLC	60	56	1.02	0.75–1.39	0.8959
Lipophilic β-blocker
	Total	935	828	1.02	0.93–1.11	0.6928
	Stage I	151	89	0.85	0.65–1.10	0.2097
	Stage II	45	33	0.75	0.49–1.15	0.1824
	Stage III	290	266	0.97	0.83–1.13	0.6793
	Stage IV	347	344	1.15	1.01–1.31	0.0312
	NSCLC	674	581	0.98	0.88–1.09	0.7143
	SCLC	164	156	0.98	0.81–1.20	0.8774

Abbreviations: ATC = Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Code, CI = Confidence interval, HR = Hazard ratio, NSCLC = Non-small cell lung cancer, PY = Person-years, SCLC = Small cell lung cancer
^aHazard ratios from Cox proportional hazard regression on the propensity score matched groups for β-blocker use four months prior to diagnosis with additional adjustment for time-dependent use of Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, statins, antihypertensive (other than β-blocker) and diabetes medication after diagnosis. Stratification factors were omitted from the stratified models.

Back to article page

Table 2 Association between Pre-diagnostic β-blocker use and Lung Cancer Survival (Overall, by Cancer Site and Cancer Stage).

Search

Quick links