Table 2 Comparison of clinical characteristics and laboratory data between. subjects with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS).

From: Lower SHBG level is associated with higher leptin and lower adiponectin levels as well as metabolic syndrome, independent of testosterone

 

Subjects with MetS (n = 234)

Subjects without MetS (n = 380)

P value

Age (year)

56.9 ± 6.0

55.0 ± 3.6

<0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

27.6 ± 9.2

24.4 ± 2.2

<0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

90.6 ± 7.0

83.7 ± 5.5

<0.001

Education status, n(%)

  

0.001

At least some college

122 (52.1)

240 (63.2)

 

Secondary/high school

98 (41.9)

134 (35.3)

 

Primary school or less

14 (6.0)

6 (1.6)

 

Hypertension, n(%)

111 (47.6)

69 (18.2)

<0.001

Diabetes, n(%)

49 (22.2)

17 (4.5)

<0.001

Current smoking, n(%)

43 (18.5)

40 (10.5)

0.009

Current alcohol drinking, n(%)

45 (19.3)

51 (13.5)

0.014

Regular exercise, n(%)

138 (59.0)

242 (63.7)

0.243

Laboratory Data

Total testosterone (ng/dl)

377.9 ± 97.1

398.5 ± 96.4

0.011

Free testosterone (ng/dl)

6.87 ± 2.16

7.00 ± 1.77

0.44

SHBG (nmol/L)

38.0 ± 16.0

46.1 ± 20.6

<0.001

Albumin (g/dl)

4.54 ± 0.24

4.41 ± 0.19

<0.001

Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl)

109.8 ± 25.5

94.1 ± 14.8

<0.001

Triglyceride (mg/dl)

170.9 ± 86.4

110.3 ± 87.3

<0.001

HDL (mg/dl)

42.2 ± 8.5

50.7 ± 10.6

<0.001

Adiponectin (μg/ml)

7.8 ± 4.5

13.9 ± 6.8

<0.001

Leptin (ng/ml)

5.47 ± 2.90

3.32 ± 1.89

<0.001

  1. Abbreviation: MetS = metabolic syndrome; BMI = body mass index; SHBG = sex hormone binding globulin; HDL = high density lipoprotein
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