Table 5 Multiple linear regression analyses of urinary arsenic profiles, HOMA-IR values and psychological characteristics.

From: The Methylation Capacity of Arsenic and Insulin Resistance are Associated with Psychological Characteristics in Children and Adolescents

Variables

Self-concept

Anxiety

Depression

Anger

Disruptive behavior

Model 1a β (SE)

Model 2b β (SE)

Model 1a β (SE)

Model 2b β (SE)

Model 1a β (SE)

Model 2b β (SE)

Model 1a β (SE)

Model 2b β (SE)

Model 1a β (SE)

Model 2b β (SE)

Overall

 Urinary total arsenic (μg/L)

0.025 (0.016)

0.024 (0.016)

0.014 (0.019)

0.015 (0.019)

−0.007 (0.019)

−0.003 (0.019)

−0.014 (0.019)

−0.011 (0.019)

0.003 (0.018)

0.005 (0.018)

 iAs%

0.029 (0.060)

 

−0.007 (0.072)

 

0.075 (0.073)

 

0.058 (0.072)

 

0.062 (0.069)

 

 DMA%

 

−0.052 (0.039)

 

0.057 (0.047)

 

0.216 (0.109)

 

0.031 (0.047)

 

−0.0004 (0.046)

 HOMA-IR value

−0.108 (0.089)

−0.105 (0.089)

0.170 (0.107)

0.166 (0.107)

0.219 (0.109)*

0.216 (0.109)*

0.211 (0.107)*

0.207 (0.107)+

0.076 (0.103)

0.074 (0.103)

Elementary school students

 Urinary total arsenic (μg/L)

0.006 (0.022)

0.009 (0.022)

−0.009 (0.025)

−0.012 (0.025)

−0.007 (0.027)

−0.009 (0.027)

−0.011 (0.26)

−0.012 (0.026)

−0.004 (0.093)

−0.005 (0.026)

 iAs%

0.184 (0.079)*

 

−0.134 (0.090)

 

−0.067 (0.098)

 

−0.009 (0.095)

 

−0.049 (0.093)

 

 DMA%

 

−0.092 (0.049)+

 

0.127 (0.055)*

 

0.088 (0.060)

 

0.054 (0.058)

 

0.050 (0.057)

 HOMA−IR value

0.087 (0.106)

0.091 (0.106)

0.247 (0.120)*

0.245 (0.120)*

0.196 (0.131)

0.196 (0.131)

0.104 (0.127)

0.106 (0.126)

0.097 (0.124)

0.096 (0.124)

Junior high school students

 Urinary total arsenic (μg/L)

0.046 (0.023)*

0.039 (0.022)

0.019 (0.029)

0.022 (0.029)

−0.021 (0.028)

−0.015 (0.028)

−0.022 (0.029)

−0.014 (0.028)

0.006 (0.027)

0.011 (0.027)

 iAs%

−0.138 (0.088)

 

0.060 (0.115)

 

0.196 (0.111)+

 

0.100 (0.112)

 

0.136 (0.104)

 

 DMA%

 

0.004 (0.063)

 

0.002 (0.081)

 

−0.073 (0.079)

 

0.027 (0.079)

 

−0.029 (0.074)

 HOMA-IR value

−0.373 (0.148)*

−0.358 (0.149)*

0.091 (0.193)

0.084 (0.193)

0.368 (0.187)*

0.356 (0.187)+

0.459 (0.188)*

0.444 (0.188)*

0.128 (0.175)

0.117 (0.176)

  1. β, regression coefficient; SE, Standard error.
  2. Multivariable linear regression analyses were adjusted for covariates, indicated age, gender, schools, father’s educational levels, mother’s educational levels. BMI, body fat, and urinary creatinine.
  3. aModel 1: Psychological scores = β0 + β1·(Urinary total arsenic) + β2·(iAs%) + β3·(HOMA-IR value) + βi·(covariates).
  4. bModel 2: Psychological scores = β0 + β1·(Urinary total arsenic) + β2·(DMA%) + β3·(HOMA-IR value) + βi·(covariates).
  5. +0.05 ≤ p < 0.1. *p < 0.05.
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