Table 1 The baseline characteristics of included studies.
Combination regimen of MMC+BCG | Reference | Country | Ethnicity | Recruitment period | Study design | LOE | Tumor stage | No. of cases receiving MMC+BCG | Mean/median age(yr) | Mean/median follow-up time (mo) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A single dose of perioperative MMC prior to instillation with BCG | ||||||||||
Badalato et al.14 | USA | mixed | 2000–2010 | Retrospective comparative trial | 3 | Ta, T1, Tis | 48 | 69.6 | 33 | |
Gülpinar et al.10 | Turkey | Europeans | 2004–2006 | RCT | 2b | Ta, T1 | 25 | 58.2 | 41.3 | |
Ye et al.15 | China | Asian | 1997–2002 | RCT | 2b | Ta, T1 | 50 | 57 | 32 | |
Weiss et al.29 | USA | mixed | 1977–2009 | Retrospective comparative trial | 3 | Ta, T1, Tis | 23 | — | 54 | |
Sequential instillation with MMC and BCG | ||||||||||
Di Stasi et al.11 | Italy | Europeans | 1994–2002 | RCT | 2b | T1, Tis | 107 | 66 | 91 | |
Oosterlinck et al.16 | Multi-country in Europe | Europeans | 2001–2005 | RCT | 1b | Ta, T1, Tis | 41 | 68 | 56.4 | |
He et al.17 | China | Asians | 2005–2009 | RCT | 2b | Ta, T1 | 40 | 61.2 | 21.2 | |
Liu et al.18 | China | Asians | 2000–2003 | RCT | 2b | Ta, T1 | 59 | 55 | 35 | |
Ma et al.19 | China | Asians | 1996–1998 | RCT | 2b | — | 29 | 52 | 37.9 | |
Finland | Europeans | 1992–1996 | RCT | 2a | Ta, T1 | 102 | 68 | 30.7 | ||
117.6 | ||||||||||
Svatek et al.22 | USA | mixed | — | Case series | 4 | Ta, T1, Tis | 12 | 67 | 21.4 | |
Cai et al.23 | China | Asians | 2007–2011 | Case series | 4 | Ta, T1 | 30 | 60.3 | 20.4 | |
Gan et al.30 | UK | Europeans | 2009–2013 | Retrospective cohort study | 3 | Ta, T1, Tis | 104 | 68 | 24 | |
Witjes et al.31 | Netherlands | Europeans | 1991–1993 | RCT | 2a | Ta, T1, Tis | 90 | — | 32 | |
Van der Meijden et al.32 | Netherlands | Europeans | 1990–1992 | Case series | 4 | Ta, T1 | 35 | 70 | 19.8 | |
Alternating instillation with MMC and BCG | ||||||||||
Finland | Europeans | 1987–1992 | RCT | 2a | Ta, T1, Tis | 28 | 66 | 33 | ||
86.4 | ||||||||||
Kaasinen et al.24 | Finland, Norway and Sweden | Europeans | 1992–1997 | RCT | 2a | Ta, T1, Tis | 159 | 71 | 56.3 | |
China | Asians | 1998–2006 | Retrospective comparative trial | 3 | Ta, T1 | 32 | 62.5 | 28 | ||
Bao et al.27 | China | Asians | 1999–2006 | Retrospective comparative trial | 3 | Ta, T1, Tis | 20 | 70 | 24 | |
Rintala et al.34 | Finland | Europeans | 1987–1992 | RCT | 2a | Ta, T1 | 95 | 68.5 | 34 | |
Mixed instillation with MMC plus BCG | ||||||||||
Solsona et al.13 | Spain | Europeans | 1993–1994 | RCT | 1b | Ta, T1, Tis | 211 | 65 | 85.2 | |
Fang et al.28 | China | Asians | 1999–2000 | RCT | 2a | Ta, T1 | 21 | 67.5 | 23.4 |