Table 2 Isothiocyanate levels in synovial fluid and plasma.

From: Isothiocyanates are detected in human synovial fluid following broccoli consumption and can affect the tissues of the knee joint

Outcome

Low glucosinolate Mean (95%CI)

High glucosinolate Mean (95%CI)

p-value

ITC synovial fluid (nM)

n.d

496.6 (419.10 to 574.20)

—

ITC plasma (fold change)

0.90 (0.68 to 1.12)

2.20 (1.45 to 2.92)

<0.0001

SFN plasma (change)

0.02 (−0.01 to 0.04)

0.32 (0.2 to 0.44)

<0.0001

ITC plasma (µM) baseline

1.71 (1.10 to 2.33)

1.17 (0.69 to 1.64)

—

ITC plasma (µM) post intervention

1.36 (0.86 to 1.87)

2.22 (1.19 to 3.24)

—

SFN plasma (µM) baseline

n.d

0.004 (−0.004 to 0.012

—

SFN plasma (µM) post intervention

0.02 (−0.005 to 0.04)

0.32 (0.20 to 0.44)

—

  1. Total isothiocyanates (ITCs) measured in synovial fluid and plasma, and the specific metabolite sulforaphane (SFN) measured in plasma from low and high glucosinolate groups. Fold change: post intervention/baseline, Change: post intervention – baseline, low glucosinolate n = 20, high glucosinolate n = 17, n.d – not detected. Mean values with 95% confidence intervals and p-values are given.
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