Table 4 In vitro cartilage degradation, biomarkers and cytokine profile.

From: Isothiocyanates are detected in human synovial fluid following broccoli consumption and can affect the tissues of the knee joint

Outcome

Low glucosinolate Mean (95%CI)

High glucosinolate Mean (95%CI)

p-value

Cartilage matrix degradation

n

19

15

 

Glycosaminoglycan (% loss)

23.72 (19.58 to 27.87)

25.68 (21.21 to 30.14)

0.50

Hydroxyproline (% loss)

0.71 (0.47 to 0.96)

0.77 (0.50 to 1.03)

0.65

Biomarkers

n

20

17

 

hsCRP (fold change)

−5.48 (−16.02 to 5.05)

−5.49 (−26.90 to 15.93)

0.33

Col2-1 (fold change)

4.41 (−1.02 to 9.83)

13.21 (−11.85 to 38.27)

0.44

Cytokine protein expression

n

19

17

 

Interleukin 6 (pg/ml)

84.54 (64.36 to 104.7)

70.42 (53.08 to 87.76)

0.25

Interleukin 8 (pg/ml)

46.62 (30.00 to 63.23)

36.50 (26.94 to 46.07)

0.45

Interleukin 1 (pg/ml)

36.80 (36.59 to 37.00)

36.98 (36.72 to 37.25)

0.25

Tumor necrosis factor (pg/ml)

39.03 (38.70 to 39.37)

39.36 (39.13 to 39.60)

0.10

Chemokine (C-C Motif) ligand 5 (pg/ml)

54.04 (43.39 to 64.69)

66.80 (31.05 to 102.6)

0.68

  1. In vitro degradation of cartilage aggrecan and collagen were measured by glycosaminoglycan and hydroxyproline release into culture media. Remaining cartilage was digested and percentage degradation calculated. High sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) and collagen type II (col 2-1) biomarkers for inflammation and collagen degradation were measured in plasma (mean fold change given). The protein expression levels of cytokines were profiled in synovial fluid. Mean values and 95% confidence intervals are shown. P-values are given and the significance level was p < 0.05.
Back to article page